Sindarin Crash Course

1.1 Midoled i·Ñgelthennith “Introduction of the Lessons”

• 1.1.1 Pennas Thindren “History of Sindarin”
• 1.1.2 Prestennith Thindren “Mutations of Sindarin”

This course explores Sindarin, an Elvish language created by J.R.R. Tolkien, prominently featured in his Middle-earth saga. Sindarin, often termed “Common Elven,” contrasts with the “High Elven” tongue Quenya. Originating with the Elves of Beleriand, Sindarin evolved in Middle-earth, distinct from the Quenya spoken across the Sea. Its rich history includes adoption by the Dúnedain and influence on placenames like Minas Tirith. This course requires no prior knowledge of Elvish languages but it is challenging, aiming to teach Sindarin as a complex, living language.

Sindarin enthusiasts will delve into grammar, sound mutations, and Tolkien’s intricate linguistic design. The course acknowledges the incomplete nature of Tolkien's linguistic work, guiding students through the process of piecing together Sindarin from his writings.

If you want a quick overview of what Sindarin is like, check out the basic grammar entry in the Eldamo lexicon.

Please note that there are many outdated and inaccurate resources out there. For those considering tattoos, remember: the language is incomplete and new discoveries can change things. Most recommend writing English in Tengwar script instead. If you want a Sindarin name, learn the basics first—or ask on one of the linked sites.

1.1.1 Pennas Thindren “History of Sindarin”

Sindarin, the language of the Grey Elves of Middle-earth, has its roots in the Common Quenderin language, first spoken by the Elves at Cuiviénen (S. Nen Echui). It evolved from the dialect of the Teleri, the third tribe of Elves. The language's development reflects the Elves' complex history, including the division of the Teleri and the emergence of the Sindar in Beleriand.

During the ancient Telerin period, the language began diverging, especially when a faction led by Elwë (Thingol) remained in Middle-earth. This group, the Sindar, saw their language evolve independently. Despite later influence from Noldorin exiles and wars with Morgoth, Sindarin remained the dominant Elvish tongue in western Middle-earth.

Sindarin’s linguistic journey is marked by several periods: Common Quenderin, Common Eldarin, Ancient Telerin, and Old Sindarin. The Late Sindarin period, spanning the Second and Third Ages, is notable for stability—possibly influenced by the Elven Rings.

Tolkien’s notes highlight Sindarin’s gradual dominance and rich evolution. This course offers a guided tour of its history and significance in Tolkien’s world.

1.1.2 Prestennith Thindren “Mutations of Sindarin”

Mutations are important in Sindarin and may be challenging for English speakers. In English, “man” becomes “men” (vowel change), but Sindarin makes plural and other forms through regular vowel and consonant changes. For example, adan (man) becomes edain (men). The only exceptions are words where the vowels can't change, or for class/group plurals.

Sindarin also changes consonants and vowels in various grammatical settings. For instance, adjectives after nouns may change their initial consonant: “the great man” is i adan veleg; “the great men” is in edain velig.

Prestennith Gelyf “Mutations of Consonants”: Sindarin features several types of consonant mutations—most important are soft and nasal mutations. See the chart below for examples. More details here:

Check out the Sindarin Stress Analyzer.